Space telegraphy.



' UNITED STATES Patented August 16, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN STONE STONE, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO WILLIAM W.SWAN, TRUSTEE, OF BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS.

SPACE TELEGRAPHY- SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.767,987, dated August 16, 1904.

Original application filed November 25, 1903, Serial No. 182,633.Divided and this application filed December 8, 1903. Serial No. 184,282.(No model.)

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, JOHN STONE STONE, a

citizen of the United States, and a resident of Cambridge, in the countyof Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain .newand useful Improvement in Space Telegraphy, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to the art of space telegraphy in which signals aretransmitted by means of electromagnetic waves without the.

use of wires to guide the waves to their des- 'tination;-and it relatesmore particularly to an apparatus for receiving the energy of suchwaves. I

To receive the energy of the electromagnetic signal-waves and to producethe indication of intelligible signals, I employa thermoelectriccouplethrough which the energy of the electric oscillations developed inthe receiving-wire is led and is thereby converted into heat, and thisheat so developed causes a variation in the thermo-electric couple, and

thereby produces an indication in a suitable signal-indicating device. 1I 1 The invention may be best understoodby having reference to thedrawings wl1ich-ac company and form a part of this specification.

- In the drawings, Figures 1, 2, and 3- indicate in diagram variousembodiments of my invention, and Fig. 4 shows in section a detail ofconstruction hereinafter more fully described.

In the figures, V is an elevatedreceivingconductor connected to earth atE. G is a condenser. L L are inductances. B is a battery. G is agalvanometer or other suitable signal-indicating device. T is atelephone, and J is athermo-electric couple.

In Fig. 1, Au and Pt represent two relatively large conductors of goldand platinum, and Au and P2." represent two exceedingly fine wires orstrips of gold and platinum forming the thermo-electric couple J. Thetemperature of the heated juncture J maybe maintained by battery B at atemperature depending upon the position in the thermo-electrio scale ofthe materials employed in the construction of thethermo-electric couple.The currents developed in the elevated conductor by electromagneticwaves are led which is to he received.

In Fig. 3 is shown a system employing the thermo-electric couple inwhich no battery is used, but in which the telephone T or other suitablereceiver is connected across the terminals of the couple J by means ofconductors containing the choking-coils L.

In the three systems illustrated the energy of the electromagnetic wavesis changed into heat, and the heat so developed causes-the production ofthermoelectric motive forces signal-indicating device.

In Fig. 4 is shown one embodiment of a th ermo-electric couple suitablefor the purpose herein described. This couple is constructed byelectrolytically depositing platinum upon a fine gold wire, thendepositing gold in like manner upon the platinum, and repeating theprocess until a wire has been produced containing alternate lengths ofgold and platinum. This wire is then reduced to a very fine diameter,and the portions thereof immediately surrounding the alternate junctures of gold and platinum are coated with an insulatingfilmas, forexample, afilm of parafiin. The wire at this stage is placed in a bathcontaining a silver salt and plated to a thickness considerably greaterthan its diameter with silver, as shown at Ag, Fig. 3. The completedcouple will have the appearance of a continuous wire; but whenhighlymag'nified which cause a current to flow through the graph signalscomprising a thermo-electric couple and a signal-indicating deviceadapted to be operated thereby.

2. A receiving apparatus for space-telegraph signals comprising a seriesof thermoelectric couples and means for elevating the normal temperatureof said thermo-electric couples.

3. A receiving apparatus for space telegraph signals comprising athermo-eleetric couple, a signal-indicating device operated thereby andmeans for elevating the normal temperature of said thermo-electriccouple.

4:. A receiving apparatus for space-telegraph signals comprising aplurality of thermo-electric couples in series.

5. A receiving apparatus for space-telegraph signals comprising athermo-electric couple, and means for elevating the normal temperatureof said thermo-electric couple.

6. A receiving apparatus for space-telegraph signals comprising athermo-electric couple and a source of electric current for elevatingthe normal temperature of said thermoelectric couple.

7 In a space-telegraph receiving system, a receiving-conductor and anapparatus for receiving space-telegraph signals comprising athermo-electric couple operatively connected therewith.

8. In a space-telegraph receiving system, a receiving-conductor, anapparatus for receiving space-telegraph signals comprising a thermoelectric couple operatively connected therewith, and means for elevatingthe normal temperature of said thermo electric couple.

9. In a space-telegraph receiving system, a resonant circuit and athermo-electric couple connected in series with said resonant circuit.

10. In a space-telegraph receiving system, the combination of areceiving-conductor and a receiving apparatus for space-telegraphsignals comprising means adapted to utilize the dissipative energy ofthe electrical oscillations created therein for the development ofelectric currents.

11. In a space-telegraph receiving system, the combination of areceivingconductor and a receiving apparatus for space-telegraph signalscomprising means adapted to convert the energy of the electricaloscillations developed therein into unidirectional electric currents.

12. In a space-telegraph receiving system, a

receiving-00nduetor, a signal-indicating device and a receivingapparatus for space-telegraph signals operating by changes in itsthermal condition to produce indications in said signal-indicatingdevice without the interposition of a source of electric energy.

13. In aspace-telegraph receiving system, a receiving-conductor, asignal-indicating device and a receiving apparatus for space-telegraphsignals consisting of means for creating electric energy in saidsignal-indicating device.

14. A receiving apparatus for space-telegraph signals comprising athermo-eleetric generator. 15. A receiving apparatus for space-telegraphsignals comprising a thermo-electric couple, and means for regulatingthe temperature of said thermo-electric couple in accordance with theposition in the thermo-electric scale of the elements forming saidthermoelectric couple.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 7th day ofDecember,

